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Obstructive sleep apnoea (apnea) is a sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

The brain is an essential, complex organ. It controls the functions and processes that regulate the body.

Blood clotting is a natural process that occurs to prevent excessive bleeding. However, blood clots can also form on the inside of blood vessels.

Thrombosis is when a blood clot (thrombus) forms inside a blood vessel, potentially blocking the flow of blood through the circulatory system and causing serious health issues.

A heart attack occurs when the heart is deprived of oxygen due to a blockage in one of the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart.

High blood pressure (hypertension) is cause for concern as it can damage the arteries over the long term and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

There is no one cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but there are several factors that increase your risk – some that can be changed, and some that cannot.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a type of cardiovascular disease in which the narrowing of arteries results in reduced blood flow to a body part outside of the heart or brain.

Coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease, is a common condition where the major blood vessels to the heart become blocked and narrowed.

A cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops beating. It is a medical emergency and can be fatal without immediate treatment.

Atherosclerotic plaque is composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium and inflammatory cells that build up on the inside of the body’s arteries.

Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to all the diseases of the heart and circulation, including coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart attack, congenital heart disease and stroke.

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot maintain healthy blood glucose levels. People living with type 2 diabetes are over twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

High cholesterol levels can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

A heart attack is a critical event. Know the symptoms and warning signs of heart attack in women so that you can seek emergency help immediately if you suspect a heart attack.

Heart disease and heart attacks are often associated with older men, but women are just as affected. It is important to be aware of the unique warning signs and risks that women experience.

Congenital heart disease is a general term for problems with the heart’s structure that are present from birth. It is the most common type of birth defect.

Heart failure is when the heart does not work as well as it should in pumping blood and oxygen around the body, causing extra fluid to build up in the body.

An irregular or abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia) is when the heart rhythm is not steady.

Preeclampsia is a serious condition where high blood pressure develops during pregnancy, affecting both the mother and unborn baby.

A stroke occurs when the brain does not get the blood supply that it needs.

Lifestyles have become more sedentary, and this inactivity can negatively impact health.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats irregularly – it may be rapid or slow.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an umbrella term for situations where blood supply to the heart is blocked.

Excessive alcohol intake over the long-term is linked to cardiovascular disease as well as other risk factors like high blood pressure.

Smoking is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases and reduces health in general.

Obesity and being overweight is a condition where a person carries excessive body fat that presents a risk to health.

Māori adults have higher rates of most health conditions – including coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes – and lower access to health care than non-Māori adults.